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    "slug": "vercel-ai-sdk",
    "name": "AI SDK",
    "vendor": "Vercel Inc.",
    "vendorUrl": "https://vercel.com",
    "kind": "framework",
    "category": "frameworks",
    "summary": "Open-source TypeScript toolkit from Vercel for building AI applications and agents, with a provider-agnostic API, a ToolLoopAgent, an MCP client and UI hooks for React, Vue, Svelte and Angular.",
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    "repo": "https://github.com/vercel/ai",
    "license": "Apache-2.0",
    "transports": [],
    "packages": [
      {
        "registry": "npm",
        "name": "ai"
      },
      {
        "registry": "npm",
        "name": "@ai-sdk/mcp"
      },
      {
        "registry": "npm",
        "name": "@ai-sdk/workflow"
      }
    ],
    "auth": "api-key",
    "authNotes": "The SDK has no account of its own. Each provider package takes that provider's key. Plain string model IDs resolve through Vercel's AI Gateway by default, which needs AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or a Vercel OIDC token.",
    "pricing": "free",
    "pricingNotes": "Free and open source. You pay for model calls. The optional AI Gateway charges providers' list prices with no markup, from prepaid credits, with a free monthly credit on a subset of models (https://vercel.com/docs/ai-gateway/pricing, checked 2026-11-06).",
    "priceSummary": "Free · OSS",
    "where": "library",
    "x402": {
      "level": "no",
      "evidence": "No x402, MPP or L402 in the AI SDK docs, the vercel/ai repository's packages or the AI Gateway pricing page. The tools registry in the repository lists a third-party x402 marketplace tool (checked 2026-10-06).",
      "endpoints": []
    },
    "toolCount": null,
    "popularity": {
      "githubStars": 27781,
      "npmWeekly": 44868298,
      "pypiWeekly": null,
      "asOf": "2026-11-06"
    },
    "docsUrl": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs",
    "llmsTxt": "https://ai-sdk.dev/llms.txt",
    "capabilities": [
      "agent.framework",
      "agent.mcp-client",
      "agent.multi-agent",
      "agent.durable"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "framework",
      "typescript",
      "open-source",
      "llms-txt",
      "mcp",
      "otel"
    ],
    "lastRelease": "2026-11-05",
    "graded": true,
    "anchor": {
      "graded": true,
      "score": 89.8,
      "grade": "AA",
      "agentReady": true,
      "rank": 1,
      "ranked": true,
      "rankOf": 1486,
      "categoryRank": 1,
      "methodology": "0.7",
      "run": "2026-10-01",
      "scores": {
        "ergonomics": 95,
        "maintenance": 97,
        "payments": 60,
        "reliability": 93,
        "schema": 100,
        "security": 90,
        "transparency": 89
      },
      "pending": [
        "performance",
        "tasks"
      ],
      "breakdown": [
        {
          "key": "reliability",
          "name": "Reliability",
          "weight": 16,
          "effectiveWeight": 20,
          "score": 93,
          "points": 18.6,
          "reason": "Official npm packages, with `ai` 7.x requiring Node 22 or newer (20). A public CI workflow with lint, type checks, unit tests, Node-version tests, MCP tests on Windows and e2e tests runs on every push to main, and the newest completed CI runs on main passed on 6 November (25). 1,517 open issues and pull requests on 6 November from GitHub's API, with 1,059 issues opened in the 90 days to 3 November; 47 of the 50 newest had a comment and 32 were closed (18). A written versioning page with breaking changes only in majors, experimental_ prefixes for unstable APIs and a migration guide per major (15). 7.0.163 (15). 20+25+18+15+15 = 93, up from 73 on 6 October, when GitHub couldn't be read.",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        },
        {
          "key": "performance",
          "name": "Performance",
          "weight": 10,
          "effectiveWeight": 0,
          "pending": true,
          "points": 0,
          "reason": "Pending. Latency is measured per call by our probes, which haven't run yet, so this run doesn't score it. Its weight is shared across the assessed categories until the first probe window closes."
        },
        {
          "key": "schema",
          "name": "Schema \u0026 documentation",
          "weight": 13,
          "effectiveWeight": 16.25,
          "score": 100,
          "points": 16.25,
          "reason": "Typed TypeScript API with a reference section for every function (25). llms.txt and a Markdown copy of each page (10). The docs say when to use each piece, such as a table of WorkflowAgent against ToolLoopAgent, a when-to-use section for subagents and harnesses, and HTTP over stdio for MCP in production (20). Tools take Zod or JSON Schema inputs (15). 38 error types documented in the reference, with error-handling guides and examples throughout (15). Versioning page and a changesets CHANGELOG per package (15).",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        },
        {
          "key": "ergonomics",
          "name": "Agent ergonomics",
          "weight": 13,
          "effectiveWeight": 16.25,
          "score": 95,
          "points": 15.44,
          "reason": "An MCP client in a few lines with createMCPClient and client.tools(), and tool search with deferLoading keeps unused tool definitions out of the prompt (25). stopWhen with a default of 20 steps, and prepareStep to trim messages, switch models or limit active tools per step (20). 38 typed errors with isInstance guards, and MCP results with isError go back to the model (20). maxRetries on model calls, opt-in retries for transient MCP failures only, and WorkflowAgent for durable steps with automatic retries (20). Few required parameters, but TypeScript only, and a string model ID needs an AI Gateway key unless a default provider is set (10).",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        },
        {
          "key": "security",
          "name": "Security \u0026 auth",
          "weight": 14,
          "effectiveWeight": 17.5,
          "score": 90,
          "points": 15.75,
          "reason": "No telemetry until an OpenTelemetry integration is registered. String model IDs route to Vercel's AI Gateway by default, which is documented and needs a Vercel key, so it isn't silent (25). Per-tool approval, HMAC-signed approvals against forged client history, and Open Policy Agent rules in @ai-sdk/policy-opa, though sandboxes are experimental (20). ToolLoopAgent rejects system messages in prompts by default as an injection risk, URL fetches are checked against private addresses, and MCP HTTP transport refuses redirects by default, but there's no guardrail primitive (10). OpenTelemetry spans for every model and tool call to any backend, opt-in (15). HackerOne programme, a valid security.txt, SECURITY.md and two low-severity advisories published with fixed versions (20). Framework reading, so SOC 2 isn't scored.",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        },
        {
          "key": "payments",
          "name": "Payments \u0026 pricing",
          "weight": 10,
          "effectiveWeight": 12.5,
          "score": 60,
          "points": 7.5,
          "reason": "No payment protocol (0). Scored on the AI Gateway, the paid option, which charges providers' list prices with no markup and lists per-model rates and add-on prices without a login (20). The Apache 2.0 package installs with no card (20) and no account, and provider packages run any model, including local ones (20).",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        },
        {
          "key": "tasks",
          "name": "Task success",
          "weight": 10,
          "effectiveWeight": 0,
          "pending": true,
          "points": 0,
          "reason": "Pending. Task success needs the category task suites run through each tool, which haven't run yet, so this run doesn't score it. Its weight is shared across the assessed categories until then. A data provider's data-quality score is published on its listing now and becomes half of this category when it's scored."
        },
        {
          "key": "maintenance",
          "name": "Maintenance \u0026 community",
          "weight": 7,
          "effectiveWeight": 8.75,
          "score": 97,
          "points": 8.49,
          "reason": "7.0.163 on 2026-11-05 (30). 226 stable npm releases of `ai` across the 7.x, 6.x and 5.x lines in the 90 days to 6 November, 70 of them since 6 October (20). 47 of the 50 newest issues commented and 32 closed, with triage automation and backport workflows (22). `ai` and the provider packages are current, and 6.x and 5.x still get patches (15). Dependabot configured and CI passing on main (10). 30+20+22+15+10 = 97.",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        },
        {
          "key": "transparency",
          "name": "Transparency \u0026 trust",
          "weight": 7,
          "effectiveWeight": 8.75,
          "score": 89,
          "points": 7.79,
          "note": "editorial 86, provenance 91",
          "reason": "Apache 2.0 (30). The library stores nothing. The AI Gateway's ZDR page says it doesn't retain prompts or outputs and per-request ZDR is available on Pro and Enterprise, and Vercel's privacy notice is dated 1 June 2026, but we didn't read a DPA or subprocessor list (22). Deprecated APIs are removed only at majors with a migration guide, and 6.x and 5.x keep getting releases, without a written support window (14). Telemetry is opt-in and documented, with switches for inputs and outputs (20).",
          "checked": "2026-11-06"
        }
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "date": "2026-11-06",
        "basis": "public evidence",
        "confidence": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "ergonomics": "An MCP client in a few lines with createMCPClient and client.tools(), and tool search with deferLoading keeps unused tool definitions out of the prompt (25). stopWhen with a default of 20 steps, and prepareStep to trim messages, switch models or limit active tools per step (20). 38 typed errors with isInstance guards, and MCP results with isError go back to the model (20). maxRetries on model calls, opt-in retries for transient MCP failures only, and WorkflowAgent for durable steps with automatic retries (20). Few required parameters, but TypeScript only, and a string model ID needs an AI Gateway key unless a default provider is set (10).",
          "maintenance": "7.0.163 on 2026-11-05 (30). 226 stable npm releases of `ai` across the 7.x, 6.x and 5.x lines in the 90 days to 6 November, 70 of them since 6 October (20). 47 of the 50 newest issues commented and 32 closed, with triage automation and backport workflows (22). `ai` and the provider packages are current, and 6.x and 5.x still get patches (15). Dependabot configured and CI passing on main (10). 30+20+22+15+10 = 97.",
          "payments": "No payment protocol (0). Scored on the AI Gateway, the paid option, which charges providers' list prices with no markup and lists per-model rates and add-on prices without a login (20). The Apache 2.0 package installs with no card (20) and no account, and provider packages run any model, including local ones (20).",
          "reliability": "Official npm packages, with `ai` 7.x requiring Node 22 or newer (20). A public CI workflow with lint, type checks, unit tests, Node-version tests, MCP tests on Windows and e2e tests runs on every push to main, and the newest completed CI runs on main passed on 6 November (25). 1,517 open issues and pull requests on 6 November from GitHub's API, with 1,059 issues opened in the 90 days to 3 November; 47 of the 50 newest had a comment and 32 were closed (18). A written versioning page with breaking changes only in majors, experimental_ prefixes for unstable APIs and a migration guide per major (15). 7.0.163 (15). 20+25+18+15+15 = 93, up from 73 on 6 October, when GitHub couldn't be read.",
          "schema": "Typed TypeScript API with a reference section for every function (25). llms.txt and a Markdown copy of each page (10). The docs say when to use each piece, such as a table of WorkflowAgent against ToolLoopAgent, a when-to-use section for subagents and harnesses, and HTTP over stdio for MCP in production (20). Tools take Zod or JSON Schema inputs (15). 38 error types documented in the reference, with error-handling guides and examples throughout (15). Versioning page and a changesets CHANGELOG per package (15).",
          "security": "No telemetry until an OpenTelemetry integration is registered. String model IDs route to Vercel's AI Gateway by default, which is documented and needs a Vercel key, so it isn't silent (25). Per-tool approval, HMAC-signed approvals against forged client history, and Open Policy Agent rules in @ai-sdk/policy-opa, though sandboxes are experimental (20). ToolLoopAgent rejects system messages in prompts by default as an injection risk, URL fetches are checked against private addresses, and MCP HTTP transport refuses redirects by default, but there's no guardrail primitive (10). OpenTelemetry spans for every model and tool call to any backend, opt-in (15). HackerOne programme, a valid security.txt, SECURITY.md and two low-severity advisories published with fixed versions (20). Framework reading, so SOC 2 isn't scored.",
          "transparency": "Apache 2.0 (30). The library stores nothing. The AI Gateway's ZDR page says it doesn't retain prompts or outputs and per-request ZDR is available on Pro and Enterprise, and Vercel's privacy notice is dated 1 June 2026, but we didn't read a DPA or subprocessor list (22). Deprecated APIs are removed only at majors with a migration guide, and 6.x and 5.x keep getting releases, without a written support window (14). Telemetry is opt-in and documented, with switches for inputs and outputs (20)."
        },
        "sources": [
          {
            "what": "npm registry document for ai (versions and dates)",
            "url": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ai",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "npm weekly downloads",
            "url": "https://api.npmjs.org/downloads/point/last-week/ai",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "repository clone (docs, CI workflow, SECURITY.md, CHANGELOG)",
            "url": "https://github.com/vercel/ai",
            "seen": "2026-10-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "versioning",
            "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/migration-guides/versioning",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "MCP tools",
            "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/ai-sdk-core/mcp-tools",
            "seen": "2026-10-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "telemetry",
            "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/ai-sdk-core/telemetry",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "tool approvals",
            "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/agents/tool-approvals",
            "seen": "2026-10-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "WorkflowAgent",
            "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/agents/workflow-agent",
            "seen": "2026-10-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "llms.txt",
            "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/llms.txt",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "AI Gateway pricing",
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/ai-gateway/pricing.md",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "AI Gateway zero data retention",
            "url": "https://vercel.com/docs/ai-gateway/security-and-compliance/zdr.md",
            "seen": "2026-10-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "security.txt",
            "url": "https://vercel.com/.well-known/security.txt",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "privacy notice",
            "url": "https://vercel.com/legal/privacy-policy",
            "seen": "2026-10-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "OSV advisories for @ai-sdk/provider-utils",
            "url": "https://osv.dev/list?q=%40ai-sdk%2Fprovider-utils\u0026ecosystem=npm",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "npm registry document for @ai-sdk/mcp",
            "url": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ai-sdk%2Fmcp",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          },
          {
            "what": "GitHub API, repository, issues and Actions runs on main",
            "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/vercel/ai",
            "seen": "2026-11-06"
          }
        ],
        "openQuestions": [
          "Changed since 6 October 2026 (rechecked 6 November). `ai` went from 7.0.128 to 7.0.163 (5 November) and @ai-sdk/mcp from 2.0.67 to 2.0.91, with 6.x and 5.x still patched; no new advisory on OSV for `ai` or @ai-sdk packages; telemetry still opt-in through @ai-sdk/otel; versioning page, licence, AI Gateway pricing and Vercel's security.txt unchanged. GitHub's API answered this time, so CI on main and issue activity were read first-hand (reliability 73 to 93, maintenance 84 to 97); other scores unchanged",
          "We didn't read Vercel's DPA or subprocessor list for the AI Gateway",
          "The AI Gateway pricing page read on 6 November says free credits cover a subset of models with lower rate limits, without stating the monthly amount"
        ]
      },
      "negative": 0,
      "verdict": "A TypeScript agent toolkit with ToolLoopAgent, a built-in MCP client, per-tool approvals that can be HMAC-signed, opt-in OpenTelemetry and durable runs through WorkflowAgent. It ships three major versions in 14 months (5.0, 6.0, 7.0), each with a migration guide, and plain string model IDs route through Vercel's AI Gateway unless another provider is set.",
      "bestFor": "TypeScript teams building agents and chat UIs who want one API across many providers and a short path to MCP.",
      "strengths": [
        "Apache 2.0, with 246 npm releases of `ai` in the 90 days to 6 October 2026",
        "MCP client in @ai-sdk/mcp with HTTP, SSE and stdio transports, OAuth and opt-in retries for tools/call",
        "Per-tool approvals, HMAC-signed approvals and Open Policy Agent rules in @ai-sdk/policy-opa",
        "Telemetry only after an OpenTelemetry integration is registered, with recordInputs and recordOutputs switches",
        "Tool search with deferred loading, so the model sees only a search tool until it needs more"
      ],
      "weaknesses": [
        "TypeScript only, and `ai` 7.x needs Node 22 or newer",
        "Three major versions between July 2025 and June 2026, each with breaking changes",
        "String model IDs go to Vercel's AI Gateway by default, which needs a Vercel key",
        "No input or output guardrail primitive, and sandboxes and stdio MCP transport are still experimental",
        "1,399 open issues and pull requests on 4 October 2026, per a GitHub mirror"
      ],
      "agentNotes": [
        "Pass a provider instance such as openai('model') if traffic shouldn't go through Vercel's AI Gateway",
        "Set toolApproval on tools that write, and experimental_toolApprovalSecret when approvals come back from a browser",
        "Raise or replace the default stop condition of 20 steps with stopWhen",
        "Close the MCP client after the run, and use HTTP transport outside local development",
        "Set recordInputs and recordOutputs to false when spans would carry secrets"
      ],
      "metrics": {
        "kind": "library",
        "measured": false
      },
      "reviewCount": 0,
      "avgRating": 0,
      "history": [
        {
          "basis": "public evidence",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "grade": "AA",
          "methodology": "0.7",
          "pending": [
            "performance",
            "tasks"
          ],
          "run": "2026-10-01",
          "runLabel": "October 2026 research run",
          "score": 89.8
        }
      ],
      "editorialScores": {
        "ergonomics": 95,
        "maintenance": 97,
        "payments": 60,
        "reliability": 93,
        "schema": 100,
        "security": 90,
        "transparency": 86
      },
      "provenanceScore": 91,
      "checked": {
        "categories": {
          "ergonomics": "2026-11-06",
          "maintenance": "2026-11-06",
          "payments": "2026-11-06",
          "reliability": "2026-11-06",
          "schema": "2026-11-06",
          "security": "2026-11-06",
          "transparency": "2026-11-06"
        },
        "last": "2026-11-06",
        "oldest": "2026-11-06",
        "stale": false,
        "staleAfterDays": 90
      },
      "scoreHistory": [
        {
          "date": "2026-11-06",
          "grade": "AA",
          "kind": "listed",
          "method": "0.7",
          "score": 89.8
        }
      ]
    },
    "connect": {
      "install": "npm i ai   # MCP: npm i @ai-sdk/mcp"
    },
    "letme": {
      "capability": "https://letme.dev/agent.framework",
      "tool": "https://letme.dev/vercel-ai-sdk"
    },
    "notable": [
      "`ai` 7.0.163 on npm on 2026-11-05, with 226 stable releases across 7.x, 6.x and 5.x in the 90 days to 6 November 2026, and 6.x and 5.x still patched under the ai-v6 and ai-v5 tags (https://registry.npmjs.org/ai)",
      "Majors 5.0 (2025-07-31), 6.0 (2025-12-22) and 7.0 (2026-06-25), each with a migration guide, and codemods where possible per the versioning page (https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/migration-guides/versioning)",
      "String model IDs resolve through the AI Gateway when no default provider is set (https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/provider-registry)",
      "Telemetry needs @ai-sdk/otel and registerTelemetry(), and inputs and outputs are recorded unless switched off (https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/ai-sdk-core/telemetry)",
      "Two low-severity advisories in the last 12 months, GHSA-rwvc-j5jr-mgvh (2025-11-07, `ai`) and GHSA-866g-f22w-33x8 (2026-05-18, @ai-sdk/provider-utils), both fixed, and none new to 6 November 2026 (https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-866g-f22w-33x8)"
    ],
    "area": "frameworks",
    "details": [
      {
        "label": "Languages",
        "value": "TypeScript and JavaScript, Node 22 or newer for `ai` 7.x"
      },
      {
        "label": "Models",
        "value": "Provider packages for OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Amazon Bedrock and others, or any model through the AI Gateway"
      },
      {
        "label": "MCP client",
        "value": "@ai-sdk/mcp 2.0.91, HTTP (recommended), SSE and stdio (experimental) transports, OAuth, opt-in retries for tools/call, stateless MCP 2026-07-28"
      },
      {
        "label": "Multi-agent",
        "value": "Subagents run as tools of a parent agent"
      },
      {
        "label": "Durable state",
        "value": "WorkflowAgent in @ai-sdk/workflow, each tool call a durable workflow step"
      },
      {
        "label": "Human approval",
        "value": "toolApproval per tool or per request, HMAC-signed approvals, Open Policy Agent rules in @ai-sdk/policy-opa"
      },
      {
        "label": "Guardrails",
        "value": "None built in. Middleware and prepareStep can filter"
      },
      {
        "label": "Tracing",
        "value": "OpenTelemetry through @ai-sdk/otel"
      },
      {
        "label": "Telemetry",
        "value": "None until an integration is registered"
      },
      {
        "label": "Releases in 90 days",
        "value": "226 stable releases of `ai` on npm to 6 November 2026"
      }
    ],
    "provenance": {
      "legalEntity": "Vercel Inc.",
      "domain": "ai-sdk.dev",
      "domainRegistered": "2024-09-26",
      "endpointOnVendorDomain": null,
      "terms": "https://vercel.com/legal/terms",
      "privacy": "https://vercel.com/legal/privacy-policy",
      "statusPage": "https://www.vercel-status.com",
      "changelog": "https://github.com/vercel/ai/blob/main/packages/ai/CHANGELOG.md",
      "securityTxt": "valid",
      "checked": "2026-11-06",
      "notes": [
        "The privacy notice (effective 1 June 2026) names Vercel Inc.",
        "vercel.com/.well-known/security.txt points to HackerOne and responsible.disclosure@vercel.com and expires 2027-09-28.",
        "RDAP gives ai-sdk.dev a registration date of 2024-09-26 and vercel.com 1999-10-04.",
        "The status page covers Vercel's hosted services, including the AI Gateway, not the library."
      ],
      "score": 91,
      "checks": [
        {
          "check": "Legal entity named",
          "value": "Vercel Inc.",
          "points": 20,
          "max": 20,
          "state": "ok"
        },
        {
          "check": "Domain age",
          "value": "ai-sdk.dev, registered 2024-09-26 (2 years)",
          "points": 7,
          "max": 15,
          "state": "part"
        },
        {
          "check": "Endpoint on the vendor's domain",
          "value": "no hosted endpoint",
          "points": 0,
          "max": 0,
          "state": "na"
        },
        {
          "check": "Terms of service",
          "value": "read, states 7 of the 7 things a reader expects",
          "points": 10,
          "max": 10,
          "state": "ok"
        },
        {
          "check": "Privacy policy",
          "value": "read, states 7 of the 8 things a reader expects",
          "points": 9.3,
          "max": 10,
          "state": "part"
        },
        {
          "check": "Status page",
          "value": "www.vercel-status.com",
          "points": 10,
          "max": 10,
          "state": "ok"
        },
        {
          "check": "Changelog",
          "value": "published",
          "points": 10,
          "max": 10,
          "state": "ok"
        },
        {
          "check": "security.txt",
          "value": "valid",
          "points": 10,
          "max": 10,
          "state": "ok"
        },
        {
          "check": "People named",
          "value": "2 named with their role, 1 with a public profile",
          "points": 10,
          "max": 10,
          "state": "ok"
        },
        {
          "check": "Support route",
          "value": "a support address, help pages, a community",
          "points": 5,
          "max": 5,
          "state": "ok"
        }
      ],
      "policies": [
        {
          "kind": "terms",
          "url": "https://vercel.com/legal/terms",
          "state": "read",
          "readAt": "2026-10-08",
          "statedDate": "2026-06-01",
          "words": 8171,
          "points": 10,
          "max": 10,
          "expected": [
            {
              "key": "terms.date",
              "label": "Gives the date it was last updated",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "Last Updated June 1, 2026",
              "says": "Last updated 2026-06-01"
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.law",
              "label": "Names the governing law or courts",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to its conflict of laws provisions.",
              "says": "The law of the State of California"
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.liability",
              "label": "States a limit on its liability",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "IN THESE STATES, VERCEL'S LIABILITY WILL BE LIMITED TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW."
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.termination",
              "label": "Says how the agreement or account can be ended",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "Subject to earlier termination as provided below, Vercel may terminate your account and this Agreement at any time by providing thirty (30) days prior notice to the administrative email address associated with your account."
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.changes",
              "label": "Says how changes to the terms are announced",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "Vercel may change this Agreement from time to time by providing notice either by emailing the email address associated with your account or by posting a notice at https://vercel.com.",
              "says": "Says it gives notice of a change"
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.use",
              "label": "Lists what users may not do",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "If you do not have such authority, or if you do not agree with this Agreement, you must not accept this Agreement and may not use the Services."
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.sla",
              "label": "Refers to a service level or uptime commitment",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "Vercel's warranties, indemnities and SLA terms do not apply to Previews and Support Services are not provided for Previews."
            }
          ],
          "toKnow": [
            {
              "key": "training.optout",
              "label": "Says it may use customer content to train or improve models, and gives an opt-out",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "In addition, if you are on a Hobby plan or trial Pro plan, you agree that we may use Your Content to train our artificial intelligence (\"AI\") and machine learning models, and we may share Your Content with third parties for the purpose of developing and improving their products, including training and improving their…"
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.cutoff",
              "label": "Says access can be ended without notice or for any reason",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "We may shut down and terminate projects or deployments using the Hobby plan without notice for any reason or no reason."
            },
            {
              "key": "terms.arbitration",
              "label": "Requires arbitration or waives class actions",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "You and Vercel agree that any Claim will be settled by final and binding arbitration, using the English language, administered by JAMS under its Streamlined Arbitration Rules and Procedures (the \"JAMS Rules\")."
            }
          ],
          "notes": [
            {
              "date": "2026-10-08",
              "text": "A customer that lets its own or a third party's AI tools or agents access the service agrees to be legally bound by the actions those tools take on its behalf.",
              "quote": "you authorize and agree to be legally bound by the actions taken on your behalf by those Third Party Tools"
            },
            {
              "date": "2026-10-08",
              "text": "During the agreement Vercel may use the customer's trademarks, trade names and logos in its marketing materials and websites and name it as a customer.",
              "quote": "During the term of this Agreement, you grant Vercel a non-exclusive, royalty-free, fully-paid up license to use and reproduce your trademarks, trade names and logos in Vercel's marketing materials and website(s) and to indicate that you are a Vercel customer."
            },
            {
              "date": "2026-10-08",
              "text": "The licence over customer content is sublicensable and transferable and covers improving the services and developing new products and services.",
              "quote": "a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid, sublicensable and transferable license to use, copy, modify, adapt, reproduce, distribute, display, publish, store, perform, and create derivatives of Your Content to provide and improve the Services, develop new products and services"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "kind": "privacy",
          "url": "https://vercel.com/legal/privacy-policy",
          "state": "read",
          "readAt": "2026-10-08",
          "statedDate": "2026-06-01",
          "words": 7867,
          "points": 9.3,
          "max": 10,
          "expected": [
            {
              "key": "privacy.date",
              "label": "Gives the date it was last updated",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "Last Updated June 1, 2026",
              "says": "Last updated 2026-06-01"
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.collected",
              "label": "Says what personal data is collected",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "The information that we collect depends on your interactions with us, the choices that you make, the products and features you use, your location, and applicable laws."
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.retention",
              "label": "Says how long data is kept",
              "found": false
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.processors",
              "label": "Says who else receives the data",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "We receive information about Customers from third parties or Vercel partners that provide services or support our business operations."
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.sale",
              "label": "Says whether personal data is sold or shared for advertising",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "We advertise our Services through third parties, and may use cookies and other tracking technologies to support targeted advertising and serve relevant ads."
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.rights",
              "label": "Says what rights people have over their data",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "You have the right to withdraw consent where you have provided your consent for us to process your personal information."
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.contact",
              "label": "Gives a privacy contact",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "If you have questions about this Notice, please contact us at privacy@vercel.com or write to us:",
              "says": "privacy@vercel.com"
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.transfers",
              "label": "Says where data is transferred or stored",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "To the extent required by applicable law, whenever we transfer your information, we take the appropriate steps to protect your information, including the use of standard contractual clauses or other appropriate legal mechanisms.",
              "says": "Relies on standard contractual clauses"
            }
          ],
          "toKnow": [
            {
              "key": "training.optout",
              "label": "Says it may use customer content to train or improve models, and gives an opt-out",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "Services, such as when we use your information to train the AI models"
            },
            {
              "key": "privacy.sells",
              "label": "Says it sells personal data or shares it for advertising",
              "found": true,
              "quote": "We engage with several partners, such as third-party advertising networks, integration service partners, event sponsors, and resellers. We may share information with them to provide and support our Services, and to conduct our Advertising and Marketing Activities."
            }
          ],
          "notes": [
            {
              "date": "2026-10-08",
              "text": "For Hobby and Pro plans, subject to team settings, Vercel may disclose de-identified information to AI business partners for training and improving their models.",
              "quote": "we may disclose de-identified information (including de-identified AI Product Information) to AI business partners for their product improvement and development, including training and improving AI and machine learning models"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "humans": {
      "slug": "vercel-ai-sdk",
      "checked": "2026-11-06",
      "company": "Vercel Inc.",
      "people": [
        {
          "name": "Guillermo Rauch",
          "role": "Founder and CEO, Vercel",
          "founder": true,
          "x": "https://x.com/rauchg",
          "photo": "/assets/img/people/vercel-inc-guillermo-rauch.webp",
          "photoSource": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-f",
          "bio": "Guillermo Rauch founded Vercel in 2015, when it was called ZEIT, and is its CEO. He created the realtime communication library Socket.IO and the Next.js web framework, which Vercel maintains. ZEIT was renamed Vercel in April 2020.",
          "bioSources": [
            "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vercel"
          ],
          "page": "/people/guillermo-rauch/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Malte Ubl",
          "role": "Chief Technology Officer, Vercel",
          "photo": "/assets/img/people/vercel-inc-malte-ubl.webp",
          "photoSource": "https://vercel.com/blog/serverless-servers-node-js-with-in-function-concurrency",
          "page": "/people/malte-ubl/"
        }
      ],
      "peopleNote": "Vercel's about page, read on 28 October 2026, lists its individual investors but no leaders. Its press page calls Guillermo Rauch Vercel's CEO and Malte Ubl its CTO, and blog bylines give Rauch as CEO and Founder, Vercel (Series F post, 30 September 2025) and Ubl as CTO, Vercel. Wikipedia names Rauch as the sole founder of the company, which began as ZEIT in 2015. Product people named on single listings are left as they are. Copied from the Vercel AI Gateway listing (checked 28 October 2026) for the AI SDK on 6 November 2026, without the AI Gateway product manager. No AI SDK maintainer was added, since none was confirmed from a first-hand page in this pass. On 6 November 2026 SiliconANGLE's Series F report added BlackRock, StepStone and Khosla Ventures as new investors in that round. The total raised is left out: the last figure Vercel states is $313M, in its Series D post of November 2021, and no first-hand or reputable source read states a total after the Series E and F rounds (only trackers the rules exclude do). No round after the Series F was found in Vercel's sitemap.",
      "companySocial": {
        "linkedin": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/vercel",
        "x": "https://x.com/vercel"
      },
      "support": {
        "emails": [
          "billing@vercel.com"
        ],
        "urls": [
          "https://vercel.com/help",
          "https://community.vercel.com/"
        ],
        "community": [
          {
            "label": "Community forum",
            "url": "https://community.vercel.com/",
            "kind": "forum"
          }
        ]
      },
      "sources": [
        "https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerilynzheng/details/experience/",
        "https://vercel.com/blog/zdr-on-ai-gateway",
        "https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerilynzheng",
        "https://x.com/jerilynzheng",
        "https://rauchg.com/about",
        "https://vercel.com/",
        "https://vercel.com/ai-gateway",
        "https://vercel.com/help",
        "https://vercel.com/kb/guide/how-to-get-vercel-support",
        "https://vercel.com/about"
      ],
      "ownership": {
        "status": "private",
        "valuation": {
          "amount": "$9.3B",
          "basis": "stated",
          "round": "Series F",
          "asOf": "2025-09-30",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-f"
        },
        "checked": "2026-11-06",
        "sources": [
          "https://vercel.com/blog/series-f",
          "https://www.silicon.co.uk/press-release/vercel-raises-250m-to-accelerate-ai-and-security-innovation-and-deliver-next-generation-web-experiences-and-applications",
          "https://vercel.com/blog/vercel-funding-series-d-and-valuation",
          "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "https://vercel.com/blog/series-b-40m-to-build-the-next-web",
          "https://vercel.com/blog/zeit-is-now-vercel",
          "https://vercel.com/about",
          "https://siliconangle.com/2025/09/30/vercel-grabs-300m-late-stage-funding-fuel-ai-pivot/"
        ]
      },
      "investors": [
        {
          "name": "Accel",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series A, April 2020",
            "Series B, December 2020",
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024",
            "Series F, September 2025"
          ],
          "lead": true,
          "url": "https://www.accel.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-f",
          "quote": "The $300M investment is co-led by longtime partners at Accel and new investors at GIC",
          "page": "/investors/accel/"
        },
        {
          "name": "GIC",
          "kind": "other",
          "rounds": [
            "Series F, September 2025"
          ],
          "lead": true,
          "url": "https://www.gic.com.sg",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-f",
          "quote": "The $300M investment is co-led by longtime partners at Accel and new investors at GIC",
          "page": "/investors/gic/"
        },
        {
          "name": "CRV",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series A, April 2020",
            "Series B, December 2020",
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "lead": true,
          "url": "https://www.crv.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/zeit-is-now-vercel",
          "quote": "we secured $21M in Series A funding. Accel and CRV are our lead investors, alongside Naval Ravikant, Nat Friedman, Jordan Walke, and others.",
          "page": "/investors/crv/"
        },
        {
          "name": "GV",
          "kind": "corporate",
          "rounds": [
            "Series B, December 2020",
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "lead": true,
          "url": "https://www.gv.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-b-40m-to-build-the-next-web",
          "quote": "Vercel has secured $40M in series B funding in a round led by GV, with participation from new investors Greenoaks Capital, Bedrock Capital, and Geodesic Capital in addition to existing investors Accel and CRV.",
          "page": "/investors/gv/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Bedrock",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series B, December 2020",
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "lead": true,
          "url": "https://www.bedrockcap.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "quote": "The round is led by existing investor Bedrock Capital with participation from other existing investors Accel, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, and GV. New investors include 8VC, Flex Capital, GGV, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/bedrock/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Notable Capital",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "lead": true,
          "url": "https://www.notablecap.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/vercel-funding-series-d-and-valuation",
          "quote": "This funding round was led by GGV Capital, with participation from existing investors Accel, Bedrock Capital, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, GV, 8VC, Flex Capital, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, SV Angel, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/notable-capital/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Greenoaks",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series B, December 2020",
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.greenoaks.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-b-40m-to-build-the-next-web",
          "quote": "Vercel has secured $40M in series B funding in a round led by GV, with participation from new investors Greenoaks Capital, Bedrock Capital, and Geodesic Capital in addition to existing investors Accel and CRV.",
          "page": "/investors/greenoaks/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Geodesic Capital",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series B, December 2020",
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-b-40m-to-build-the-next-web",
          "quote": "Vercel has secured $40M in series B funding in a round led by GV, with participation from new investors Greenoaks Capital, Bedrock Capital, and Geodesic Capital in addition to existing investors Accel and CRV.",
          "page": "/investors/geodesic-capital/"
        },
        {
          "name": "8VC",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.8vc.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "quote": "The round is led by existing investor Bedrock Capital with participation from other existing investors Accel, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, and GV. New investors include 8VC, Flex Capital, GGV, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/8vc/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Flex Capital",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021"
          ],
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "quote": "The round is led by existing investor Bedrock Capital with participation from other existing investors Accel, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, and GV. New investors include 8VC, Flex Capital, GGV, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/flex-capital/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Latacora",
          "kind": "other",
          "rounds": [
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021"
          ],
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "quote": "The round is led by existing investor Bedrock Capital with participation from other existing investors Accel, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, and GV. New investors include 8VC, Flex Capital, GGV, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/latacora/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Salesforce",
          "kind": "corporate",
          "rounds": [
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021"
          ],
          "url": "https://salesforceventures.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "quote": "The round is led by existing investor Bedrock Capital with participation from other existing investors Accel, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, and GV. New investors include 8VC, Flex Capital, GGV, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/salesforce/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tiger Global",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series C, June 2021",
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.tigerglobal.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/series-c-102m-continue-building-the-next-web",
          "quote": "The round is led by existing investor Bedrock Capital with participation from other existing investors Accel, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, and GV. New investors include 8VC, Flex Capital, GGV, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/tiger-global/"
        },
        {
          "name": "SV Angel",
          "kind": "vc",
          "rounds": [
            "Series D, November 2021",
            "Series E, May 2024"
          ],
          "url": "https://svangel.com",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/vercel-funding-series-d-and-valuation",
          "quote": "This funding round was led by GGV Capital, with participation from existing investors Accel, Bedrock Capital, CRV, Geodesic Capital, Greenoaks Capital, GV, 8VC, Flex Capital, Latacora, Salesforce Ventures, SV Angel, and Tiger Global.",
          "page": "/investors/sv-angel/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Caffeinated Capital",
          "kind": "vc",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Backed by incredible investors (Caffeinated Capital logo)",
          "page": "/investors/caffeinated-capital/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Resolute Capital Partners",
          "kind": "vc",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Backed by incredible investors (Resolute Capital Partners logo)",
          "page": "/investors/resolute-capital-partners/"
        },
        {
          "name": "S28 Capital",
          "kind": "vc",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Backed by incredible investors (S28 logo)",
          "page": "/investors/s28-capital/"
        },
        {
          "name": "TrueBridge",
          "firm": "TrueBridge Capital Partners",
          "kind": "vc",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Backed by incredible investors (TrueBridge logo)",
          "page": "/investors/truebridge-capital-partners/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Nat Friedman",
          "kind": "angel",
          "rounds": [
            "Series A, April 2020"
          ],
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/zeit-is-now-vercel",
          "quote": "we secured $21M in Series A funding. Accel and CRV are our lead investors, alongside Naval Ravikant, Nat Friedman, Jordan Walke, and others.",
          "page": "/investors/nat-friedman/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Jordan Walke",
          "kind": "angel",
          "rounds": [
            "Series A, April 2020"
          ],
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/zeit-is-now-vercel",
          "quote": "we secured $21M in Series A funding. Accel and CRV are our lead investors, alongside Naval Ravikant, Nat Friedman, Jordan Walke, and others.",
          "page": "/investors/jordan-walke/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Naval Ravikant",
          "kind": "angel",
          "rounds": [
            "Series A, April 2020"
          ],
          "source": "https://vercel.com/blog/zeit-is-now-vercel",
          "quote": "we secured $21M in Series A funding. Accel and CRV are our lead investors, alongside Naval Ravikant, Nat Friedman, Jordan Walke, and others.",
          "page": "/investors/naval-ravikant/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Jessie Frazelle",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Jessie Frazelle Founder \u0026 CPO of Oxide",
          "page": "/investors/jessie-frazelle/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Ilya Sukhar",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Ilya Sukhar Former Partner at YC, Founder of Parse",
          "page": "/investors/ilya-sukhar/"
        },
        {
          "name": "David Cramer",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... David Cramer Sentry co-founder",
          "page": "/investors/david-cramer/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Anthony Casalena",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Anthony Casalena CEO of Squarespace",
          "page": "/investors/anthony-casalena/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Soleio Cuervo",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Soleio Cuervo Early design at Facebook and Dropbox",
          "page": "/investors/soleio-cuervo/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Matias Woloski",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Matias Woloski Founder \u0026 CTO of Auth0",
          "page": "/investors/matias-woloski/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Michael Stoppelman",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Michael Stoppelman Former SVP at Yelp and Google engineer",
          "page": "/investors/michael-stoppelman/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Pete Hunt",
          "kind": "angel",
          "source": "https://vercel.com/about",
          "quote": "Individual investors ... Pete Hunt Former Founder of Smyte and Facebook engineer",
          "page": "/investors/pete-hunt/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Brendan Eich",
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